🧲 Transformer Ratios

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Inputs

Primary voltage V₁ 480 V
Primary turns N₁ 1000
Secondary turns N₂ 250
Load resistance Rₗ 10 Ω

Results

Primary

Voltage V₁— V
Current I₁— A
Power P₁— W
Reflected Z— Ω

Secondary

Voltage V₂— V
Current I₂— A
Power P₂— W

Diagram · primary → secondary

Formulas

Voltage ratio V₁ / V₂ = N₁ / N₂
Current ratio I₁ / I₂ = N₂ / N₁ (inverted)
Impedance reflection Z' = (N₁/N₂)² × Zₗ
Ideal transformer — no losses, no leakage inductance, no magnetizing current. In a real unit, P₁ > P₂ by the core + winding losses (typically 2-5%).
⚡ Teaching visualization. Ideal transformer model. Real transformers have copper losses (I²R in the windings), core losses (hysteresis + eddy currents), leakage reactance, and magnetizing current. Efficiency typically 95-99% for distribution units. For real design work, use manufacturer data sheets and follow CEC/NEC transformer sections.